I. Kev lag luam hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb
1 、 Kev lag luam hauv tsev
Kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam kev xav tau ntawm cov brakes yog ze ze rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam tsheb (kev tsim tsheb thiab kev ua tswv cuab txiav txim siab qhov tso tawm ntawm cov nres nres, thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm nws thiab nres nres ntau lawm thiab muag khoom), thiab ceev ceev. txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tsheb yuav ncaj qha tsav mus rau ib txhij kev txhim kho ntawm nres nres manufacturers.Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Tuam Tshoj tam sim no muaj ntau tshaj 300 lub tuam txhab tsheb thiab ntau tshaj 600 lub tsheb hloov chaw, nrog rau cov khoom tsim tawm txhua xyoo txog li 18 lab lub tsheb, thiab qhov kev thov loj rau cov nres nres, nrog rau lub teb chaws txhua xyoo xav tau txog 300 lab teeb nres. daim ntaub.2010 kev tsim khoom hauv tsev, cov nqi tsim tawm thiab muag cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev sib txhuam thiab cov khoom sib khi ua tiav kev loj hlob ob npaug, nrog rau tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm (tsis suav nrog cov khoom tiav) ntawm 875,600 tons, nce 20.73% xyoo-rau-xyoo.Tag nrho cov zis (tsis suav cov khoom tiav ib nrab) yog 875,600 tons, nce 20.73% xyoo-rau-xyoo;tag nrho cov nqi tsim tawm yog 16.6 billion yuan, nce 28.35% xyoo-rau-xyoo;muag cov nyiaj tau los yog 16 billion yuan, nce 30.25% xyoo-rau-xyoo.
Txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tsheb yuav ncaj qha rau kev txhim kho ib txhij ntawm cov tuam txhab nres tsheb, thiab yuav cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam yav tom ntej ntawm cov tsheb nres tsheb los ntawm ob qho tib si kev xav ntawm nres nres thiab nce ntxiv.Hauv kev lag luam hauv Tshuag, vim tias cov pawm nres yog cov khoom siv tau, qhov zaus ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab yog nrawm, thiab cov tswv tsheb loj loj yuav txhawb nqa qhov kev thov rau cov nres nres hauv kev lag luam tom qab;Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv kev ua lag luam nce ntxiv, kev tsim khoom thiab kev muag khoom sib txawv ua rau cov khoom siv nres tseem nyob hauv kev xav tau zoo hauv kev txhawb nqa kev lag luam.Yog li ntawd, cov teeb meem nyiaj txiag thoob ntiaj teb ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam nres nres tau maj mam ploj mus, cov cim ntawm kev lag luam rov qab tau tshwm sim, kev lag luam nres nres tau pib ua lub sijhawm zoo rau kev txhim kho.
Raws li kev txheeb cais, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev sib txhuam cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom lag luam muaj ntau dua 470, suav nrog ntau dua 40 Sino-tawm txawv teb chaws sib koom ua lag luam thiab tag nrho cov lag luam txawv teb chaws.Kev txheeb cais qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv 2010, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev sib txhuam cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam txhua xyoo tso zis ntawm 426,000 tons ntawm kev sib txhuam cov khoom siv, tag nrho cov zis tus nqi ntawm 8.53 billion yuan, exports ntawm 3.18 billion yuan, uas automotive kev sib txhuam cov ntaub ntawv accounted txog li 80% ntawm tag nrho cov.Tuam Tshoj txoj kev sib txhuam cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntau lawm tau txhim kho, qee qhov kev lag luam tau mus txog qib siab thoob ntiaj teb.
2, thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam loj
Raws li World Automobile Manufacturers Association (OICA) cov txheeb cais, lub ntiaj teb tam sim no muaj ze li ntawm 900 lab tus tswv tsheb, thiab tseem nce ntawm tus nqi ntawm 30 lab ib xyoos, nws xav tias los ntawm 2020, lub ntiaj teb lub tsheb tswv yuav ncav cuag 1.2 billion units. .
Raws li International Energy Agency (IEA) kwv yees, los ntawm 2020, lub thoob ntiaj teb tsheb nres pad xav tau kev lag luam yuav tshaj $ 15 billion.Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam pib thiab pib qhov chaw tsim khoom lag luam, Tuam Tshoj yuav dhau los ua qhov chaw ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb thiab qhov chaw yuav khoom thoob ntiaj teb, thiab Tuam Tshoj tus pib nres nres cov tuam txhab yuav yeej ntau dua kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.
2010 ntiaj teb nres ncoo lub lag luam lub teb chaws kev lag luam tsom xam
(1), Teb Chaws Asmeskas
Nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2010, Asmeskas kev lag luam tsheb muag khoom tau tswj hwm qhov kev loj hlob siab txij li lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2009, nce mus txog 7.73 lab units, nrog kev maj mam rov qab los ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas pib ua lag luam, txhawb US auto parts txhawb kev lag luam nplai, raws li cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam qhia tias Lub Ib Hlis. Txog rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2010, Asmeskas pib nres muag cov nyiaj tau los ntawm $ 6.5 billion, nce 21%.
(2), Nyiv
Nyiv yog ib qho ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab saum toj kaum lub tsheb qhov chaw txhawb kev lag luam, vim tias Nyiv tau ua tiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua tiav thiab cov kev lag luam muaj zog hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, Lub Ib Hlis-Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2010 muag cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov tsheb nres tsheb mus txog $ 4.1 billion xyoo-rau-xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm 13%, nws cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev xa tawm ntawm cov tsheb nres tsheb txhawb kev siv.
(3), Lub teb chaws Yelemees
Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cuam tshuam, Lub teb chaws Yelemees lub tsheb tsim tau nce 18% xyoo-rau-xyoo rau 413,500 units hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2010. Kev lag luam tsheb hauv tsev zoo li paub tab, German automotive nres ncoo thev naus laus zis tau tsim heev, kev tsim khoom hauv tsev. thiab kev muag khoom ntawm qhov xwm txheej kom ua tiav ob lub booming, 2010 automotive nres ncoo Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis kom ua tiav cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm 3.2 billion US dollars, nce ntawm 8%.
Cov khoom segmentation
Nres pads yog siv ntau nyob rau hauv lub domestic tom qab khw: 95% ntawm lub nres nres nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tom qab khw, nrog ib tug ntau ntawm txog 95 lab teev.
Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov tsheb nres hauv tsev txhawb nqa tag nrho lub tsheb yog tsawg.Tam sim no, tsuas yog 5% ntawm tag nrho cov muag khoom txhua xyoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam ywj pheej hauv kev lag luam nres tsheb yog siv rau OEMs hauv tsev.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov brakes txhawb nqa rau tag nrho lub tsheb yog li 5 lab teeb.
Tam sim no, thoob ntiaj teb kev sib txhuam cov ntaub ntawv yog semi-metallic, tsis tshua muaj hlau, ceramic, organic cov ntaub ntawv plaub pawg, txoj kev loj hlob kev taw qhia yog kom paub tab semi-metallic formulations, txhim kho tsawg hlau formulations, kev loj hlob ntawm NAO formulations.Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no, asbestos (kev siv uas tau txwv nruj los ntawm lub xeev hauv xyoo 1999) nres nres hauv Suav teb tseem muaj feem ntau hauv qee thaj chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub tsheb hnyav tsheb nres tsheb lag luam.Vim tias cov fibers asbestos muaj cov tshuaj carcinogenic, ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb tau kos npe rau kev sib cog lus tsis kam siv asbestos.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, nyob rau hauv kev lag luam txawv teb chaws, tsis muaj asbestos, tsawg hlau, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg cov ntaub ntawv kev sib txhuam (tseem hu ua NAO-hom kev sib txhuam cov ntaub ntawv) ntau tshaj kaum xyoo dhau los tau pib ua lag luam nce qib;Qee lub tebchaws hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau txwv tsis pub muaj kev sib txhuam cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov khoom siv hlau hnyav thiab kev cai lij choj ntawm tooj liab.Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov ntsiab lus ntawm asbestos thiab hnyav hlau Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv kev sib txhuam cov ntaub ntawv yuav los ua ib tug kev sib txhuam cov khoom xa mus rau cov teb chaws Europe thiab lub tebchaws United States txwv kev lag luam.Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj suab nrov, tsis muaj tshauv thiab tsis-corrosive hub, ntev kev pab cuam lub neej, xis braking thiab ib puag ncig tiv thaiv, tshem tawm tag nrho cov asbestos nres pad khoom, yog txoj cai coj ua raws li lub ntiaj teb no txoj kev loj hlob qauv.
Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tsheb nres tsheb tau ntsib ob qhov kev hloov pauv loj ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev ua haujlwm siab, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg zoo siab nres nres ntxiv rau kev ua kom tau raws li qhov kub thiab txias, qis hnav tus nqi, kev sib txhuam coefficient stability thiab lwm yam, yuav tsum muaj kev vibration me me. , tsis tshua muaj suab nrov, tshauv thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm zoo ib puag ncig cov yam ntxwv, cov no yog cov khoom siv kev sib txhuam cov txheej txheem, cov khoom siv raw khoom, cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob kub, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob, kev kho cua sov thiab kev kho mob thiab lwm yam kev xav tau siab dua.
Raws li Tuam Tshoj Friction and Seal Materials Association cov txheeb cais, Tuam Tshoj lub tsheb nres nres cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam muaj ze li ntawm 500 lossis li ntawd, tab sis ntau dua 80% ntawm cov lag luam nplai me me.Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm tag nrho cov theem ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tsheb, kev lag luam tsheb tau maj mam hloov los ntawm kev tsom mus rau tus nqi ntawm cov nres nres rau kev tsom mus rau qhov zoo thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nres nres, cov concentration ntawm kev ua lag luam tseem yuav txhim kho, thiab thaum kawg. tsim ntawm technical zog ntawm kev sib tw ntawm cov lag luam.
Raws li Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tsheb pib lig, kev tsim khoom hauv tsev ntawm cov qauv qib siab yeej ib txwm nyob hauv Europe, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Nyiv, Kaus Lim Qab Teb thiab lwm lub tebchaws, thiab cov tsheb nres tsheb yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb, cov tuam txhab tsheb muaj npe muaj kev tswj hwm nruj heev. hla lawv.Raws li Tuam Tshoj Friction thiab Seal Materials Association cov txheeb cais, 85% ntawm cov tsheb nres tam sim no nyob ntawm kev xa khoom, kev lag luam tsheb nres tsheb hauv tsev tuaj yeem sib tw hauv kev lag luam feem ntau yog concentrated hauv kev lag luam tsheb nres pads, low-end me me tsheb nrog brake pads thiab micro tsheb nres pads lag luam.Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog kev txhim kho ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob thiab kev hloov kho cov cai ntawm kev lag luam ntawm cov teb chaws tsim thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus nqi, cov saw hlau thoob ntiaj teb tau txav mus rau Suav teb.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm National Bureau of Statistics, kev ua lag luam xav tau ntawm cov nres nres hauv xyoo 2010 yog kwv yees li 2.5 billion yuan, suav txog li 25% ntawm tag nrho kev lag luam nres nres.
Thib peb, cov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam hauv tsev, kev siv tshuab thiab cov khoom lag luam txhim kho thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv
Tam sim no, lub peev xwm ntau lawm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee qhov kev lag luam tsheb sib txhuam hauv tsev nyob ze rau lub ntiaj teb qib siab, thiab ntau lub tuam txhab ua lag luam loj hlob sai.Txawm hais tias muaj peev xwm tsim tau thiab qib kev ua haujlwm ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev sib txhuam ntawm kev lag luam tsheb tau ua tiav zoo, tab sis cov qauv kev lag luam rov qab zoo heev, txawm tias cov kev cai ntawm OEMs hauv tsev tsis sib xws.Txhawm rau clutch ntsej muag phaj kub qhov ntsuas, piv txwv li, tus tswv tsev yuav tsum tau cog rau 300 ℃, thaum lub teb chaws tus qauv muab rau 200 ℃ yog tsim nyog.Vim muaj ntau yam laj thawj, kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov qauv hauv teb chaws tsis tau pib tiag tiag kom txog rau thaum ob peb xyoos dhau los.
Lwm qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog tias, rau cov tuam txhab kev sib txhuam tsheb, lawv cov kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej thiab kev tsim kho muaj peev xwm feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw.Txawm hais tias txoj kev loj hlob sai nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tab sis vim tsis muaj zog peev tsub zuj zuj, domestic automotive kev sib txhuam kev lag luam ntawm kev tsim ntawm transformation thiab ywj siab tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob peev nyob deb ntawm txawv teb chaws counterparts.Kev lag luam cov qauv lag luam poob qab, cov tuam txhab nres nres tau txwv kev nqis peev hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho, raug rau ntau yam, kev lag luam hauv tsev nres tsheb thiab cov lag luam tseem muaj txoj hauv kev mus ntev.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-07-2022